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The Greek culture has a long and rich history, especially in literature. There are too many poetry forms that stem from this culture to explore them all, so today we will learn a little bit about Homer and Hesiod, two of Greece’s early poets, and a few of the major Greek poetic forms.

Homer

Associated Press.

BRIEF HISTORY

In ancient times, people “would sing the stories of the Trojan War and its Greek heroes; these songs would be the Greek equivalent of a mini-series, for the stories were so long that they would take days to complete. The Greeks believed that the greatest of these story-tellers was a blind man named Homer, and that he sung ten epic poems about the Trojan War, of which only two survived (although the Greeks seem to have known them). As a group these poems told the entire history of the Trojan War; each poem, however, only covered a small part of that history” (Hooker).

Homer is known best for writing the Iliad and the Odyssey. They, as mentioned above, were about the Trojan War. However, “Homer’s authorship and, indeed, even his very existence are established by tradition; nothing is actually known about him” (Matthews and Platt 43). The Iliad and the Odyssey have a special importance because it is where later Greeks looked to for the history of their people, their religion, and for the moral ideals with which to guide how they lived. Homer also wrote some Hymns that have survived to modern times.

Hesiod

BRIEF HISTORY

Like Homer, Hesiod also wrote in epic form. His most famous works were called: Theogony and Works and Days. Also like Homer, his work was a guide for how people should behave. “In ‘Works and Days’ he speaks about justice and hard work, which is the only way to success, and he gives advice about agriculture, commerce, navigation as well as about marriage, bringing-up children and other moral and useful precepts” (Papageorgiou-Haska).

Both Hesiod and Homer are believed to have lived about twenty-eight hundred years ago.

Epic

BRIEF HISTORY

The name epic comes from the word “epos.” This Greek word translates into the phrase “to tell a tale” (Padgett, 65).

MUST HAVES

–Tell a story.

–There is no set length, BUT they are usually very long. So long, in fact, that they are sometimes split up into chapter-like sections that are called cantos (Padgett, 65).

–About a specific account of heroism, and its intent should be to motivate morality in the reader.

–Rhythm is dactylic hexameter: “This means that each line contains six metrical feet of three beats each, the first a long syllable and the second and third short syllables (as in ‘gratitude’ and ‘Oldsmobile’)” (Padgett, 65).

COULD HAVES or What’s The Poet’s Choice In All This?

–Whether or not to rhyme. Historically, these were oral and rhyme helps with memorization, but there is no strict rule to rhyme.

–Choice of hero and his or her specific act of heroism. Pick a hero of long ago or a current one. You don’t even have to name a specific person, but instead a heroic effort that many people perform.

–Rhythm, yes-I already listed that in the “must haves,” but dactylic hexameter is the traditional Greek rhythm. English epics are mainly iambic pentameter. If you choose to use your poetic license here, I would pick a meter and stick with it throughout your poem.

OF NOTE

–Funny epics go by the term “mock epic.”

The Elegy

BRIEF HISTORY

This form dates back to ancient Greece. The Teachers & Writers Handbook of Poetic Forms says, “the word elegy comes from the Greek word elegeia, which means ‘song of mourning’” (Padgett, 62).

This same handbook tells us that in the 7th century B.C., “the first person to write an elegy was probably Mimnermus of Colophon.” At least, his is the first written record found of an elegy. There may be many earlier elegies lost to time or haven’t been discovered yet (Padgett, 62).

The elegy started out, in modern times, as a term for a specific type of couplet but grew into a form based on genre – sorrowful, contemplating and mourning over death in general or over a specific person’s death.

MUST HAVES

–Must be about death or a loss that is like death–unless you choose the Roman change that made them about love (see below).

–If you choose to create a classical elegy you will want to begin with the subject of your elegy, then share your mourning, and finally your acceptance of the death/loss.

COULD HAVES or What’s The Poet’s Choice In All This?

–Any form (or no particular form) just follow the form’s rules if you use one.

–Any rhyme (or no rhyme), unless a form is used, then you follow the rhyme scheme for that form.

–Any meter (or no set meter) unless a form is used, then you follow the meter required for that form.

–Length can be long or short. However, if you use a form, that form might dictate the length.

OF NOTE

The Greeks wrote elegies about death, but later Romans made them about love. This remained relatively unchanged until “England in 1611.” At that time, John Donne brought the elegy about death back into writing fashion. (Padgett, 62).

Lyric & Specifically the Monody

BRIEF HISTORY

Way back in ancient Greece, the lyric had two types: the choral lyric, which was performed by many people, and the monody, which was sung by one person. Since there are very few rules out there for this poetic form, I will create some for you to use as a guide based on its historical use. I will use the Monody, Choral Lyric, and the Tyranny of the Hand-Book article by Davies, and Classics in Translation by Mackendrick and Howe as my historical guides.

MUST HAVES

–Must mourn a death.

–Must be on the short side, but not usually as short as the epitaph and epigram are.

–Must be in the POV of one person, although the lament could be about the loss of many.

COULD HAVES or What’s The Poet’s Choice In All This?

–Any rhyme (or no rhyme), unless a form is used, then you follow the rhyme scheme for that form. Generally things that are sung rhyme and this form was originally sung. Consult your poetic license when you decide how to go for this one.

–Any meter (or no set meter) unless a form is used, then you follow the meter required for that form. This form usually had simple meters, and if one is chosen stick to it throughout.

–Stanza length, choose any, but stick to the same throughout. Example: if you choose an eight-line stanza and want three stanzas, make them all have eight lines.

–Any form (or no particular form) just follow the form’s rules.

OF NOTE

–The Classics in Translation book had an interesting note. They said that this form is “closely associated with the Ionians, [and] is nearer to popular folk poetry” (Mackendrick and Howe, 93).

–Lyric poetry is not a specific form, but more of a category for a poetry form that’s meant to be sung. Modern lyric poetry might not be sung, but it should at least have a musical quality to it. There are almost forty forms that could be considered lyric poetry (Turco, 102).

Source Notes

Davies, M. (1988).Monody, Choral Lyric, and the Tyranny of the Hand-Book. The Classical Quarterly, New Series. Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 52-64.

Hooker, Richard. “Homer.” Bureaucrats & Barbarians: The Greek Dark Ages. 1999. Washington State University. 1 Mar 2009.

Mackendrick, P, & Howe, H (1980). Classics in Translation. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.

Matthews, Roy T., and F. DeWitt Platt. The Western Humanities. 5th. NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

Padgett, Ron. The Teachers & Writers Handbook of Poetic Forms. 2nd. NY: T & W Books, 2000.

Papageorgiou-Haska, Roula . “Hesiod.” Cosmogony-Theogony. 05 June 1996. Hellonic Electronic Center. 1 Mar 2009 .

Turco, Lewis. The Book of Forms. 3rd. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2000.

Williams, Miller (1986). Patterns of Poetry: An Encyclopedia of Forms. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.

Homer and Hesiod – Greek Poets and Their Poetry Forms

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To keep our atmosphere clean, we need to have a proper waste management system. It is a responsibility of every human being on this earth and somehow we do it with utmost care. But have you ever given it a thought that what would be condition of space? In a report by NASA, the space stations are pilled up with trash and garbage causing serious health hazards to the astronauts. Shocking but true! There is a dire need to introduce a proper space waste management system to deal with this unforeseen danger. The space agencies need to have an excellent waste strategy before they plan to send any astronauts to mars or moon mission.

The waste management in the spacecrafts or the space stations cannot be undertaken in isolation. However scientists at NASA have already proposed a unique way to deal with the situation. Jean Hunter, an associate professor of agricultural and biological engineering, has been working with research partner Orbital Technologies Corp. (ORBITEC) of Madison, Wis., to develop a revolutionary trash dryer for NASA.

Associated Press.

This unique dryer blow hot dry air through wet trash and collects the water from the warm and moist air that comes out. Further, this water is purified for drinking purposes and the trash remains dry, odorless and static. The air and the heat are recycled to contain odors and save energy. The technique is called Heat-pump dehumidification frequently used for drying lumber. Now with this technique of dealing with the space waste, the spacecraft can bring full trash bags from Russian space station MIR to earth, where it could be burnt and destroyed. Sounds interesting!

Space Waste Management

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Introduction

It is believed that the name Pentateuch “the first five books of the Old Testament, the book of the Law” (The Columbia Viking Desk Encyclopaedia, 1964, p.1402) was first found in the letter of Elora of a second century Gnostic, Ptolemy and passed into Christian use. These books are called The Law (Torah) or the Law of Moses by the Jews. (Everyman’s Encyclopedia, 1978). It would be difficult to overestimate the role that the Pentateuch has played in the course of biblical scholarship. In all likelihood, these first five books in the Bible – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy- have been subjected to scrutiny more than any single block, with the sole possible exception of the Gospels (Knight and Tucker, 1985).

Associated Press.

Origin

The word Pentateuch derives from the Greek pentateuchos “five-volumed (book)”, following the Jewish designation “the five-fifths of the law”. Jews call it the Torah, that is instruction, often rendered in English Law as it is called in the New Testament (Greek nomon; example, Matt. 5:17; Luke 16:17; Acts 7:53; 1 Cor. 9:8). According to Lasor, Hubbard and Bush (1982), the Pentateuch was “the most important division of the Jewish canon, with an authority and sanctity far exceeding that attributed to the prophets and writing” (p.54). They observe that the books of the Pentateuch are not ‘books’ in the modern sense of independent self-contained entries, but were purposefully structured and intended as part of a larger unity; therefore the term Pentateuch is not only convenient but necessary. However, granted this fact of the unity of the larger corpus, the conventional five-fold division is important not simply as a convenient means of reference to the material, but because there is clear editorial evidence establishing just these five books as genuine subdivisions of the material. Despite marks of real disparity and complexity in structure and origins, far more primary and important is the overarching unity which the Pentateuch evidences. A careful reading of the Pentateuch will reveal, beside a definite unity of purpose, plan and arrangement, a diversity – a complexity – that is equally striking.

Authorship

The traditional view according to Halley (1962) is that “Moses wrote the Pentateuch substantially…with the exception of the few verses at the close which give an account of his death, and occasional interpolations made by copyists for explanatory purposes” (p.56). This is in consonance with the view of Childs (1979). A modern critical view is that of a composite work of various scholars of priests made about the eighth century B.C., for partisan purposes, based on oral traditions, the principal redactors of which are called J (for Jahweh/Yahweh, the personal name of God), E (for Elohim, a generic name for God), D (for Deuteronomic) and P (for priestly). Each is claimed to be unique. However, “this view is not supported by conclusive research or evidence, and intensive archaeological and literary research has tended to undercut many of the arguments used to challenge Mosaic authorship” (The NIV Study Bible, 1984, p.2). Jews and Christians alike have held Moses to be the author/compiler of the Pentateuch.

Contents

The Pentateuch consists of the first five afore-mentioned books of the Bible. It must be observed that the first phrase in the Hebrew text of Genesis 1:1 is bereshith [in (the) beginning] which is also the Hebrew title of the book. The English title, Genesis, is Greek in origin and is derived from geneseos ‘birth’, ‘genealogy’ or ‘history of origin’. Genesis therefore appropriately describes its contents since it is primarily a book of beginnings. ‘Exodus’ is a Latin word from Greek exodos, meaning ‘exit’, ‘departure’. Leviticus receives its name from the Greek translation of the Old Testament (Septuagint) meaning ‘relating to the Levites’. It mainly concerns the service of worship at the tabernacle which was conducted by the priests who were the sons of Aaron, assisted by many from the rest of the tribe of Levi. Exodus gave the directions for building the tabernacle and Leviticus the laws and regulations for worship there including instructions on ceremonial cleanness, moral laws, holy days, the Sabbath year and the Year of the Jubilee. The English name of the book Numbers comes from the Septuagint and is based on the census lists found in it. The Hebrew title of the book (bedmidbar, ‘in the desert’), is more descriptive of its contents. It presents an account of the thirty-eight year period of Israel’s wandering in the desert following the establishment of the covenant of Sinai. The word ‘Deuteronomy’ (meaning the repetition of the law’), the name of the last book of the Pentateuch, arose from a mistranslation in the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate of a phrase in Deuteronomy 17:18, which in Hebrew means ‘copy of the law’. The error is not serious however since Deuteronomy is, in a certain sense, a repetition of the law.

Generally, the unity of the Pentateuch must be stressed when discussing the content. This is created by an interest in the historical narrative forming the Pentateuch’s backbone and framework and into which the blocks of legal texts have been placed. A clue to this narrative’s central role and importance is the fact that the Old Testament events most frequently cited in the New Testament as the background and preparation for God’s work in Christ are precisely that sequence of divine acts from Abraham’s call through the kingship of David. Summaries or ‘confession’ of this sequence of divine acts plays a central role in Scripture. The basic details confessing God’s saving acts on behalf of His people could be illustrated thus:

i. God chose Abraham his descendants (Acts 13:17; Josh.24:3) and promised them the land of Canaan (Deut. 6:23)

ii. Israel went down into Egypt (Acts 13:17; Josh. 24:5-7; Deut. 6:21ff; 28:8)

iii. God brought Israel into Canaan as promised (Acts 13:19; Josh.24:11-13; Deut. 6:23; 26:9).

This is but the narrative backbone of the Pentateuch in miniature. The plan that unifies the different elements forming the building blocks of the Pentateuch includes: promise, election, deliverance, covenant, law and land. It is realistically observed that “the one element universally present and central to these credos…is the Exodus, representing Yahweh’s deliverance and the historical realization of His election of Israel as His people” (Lasor, Hubbard, Bush, 1982, p.55).

The Pentateuch has two major divisions: Genesis 1-11 and Genesis 12- Deuteronomy 34. The relation between them is one question and answer, problem and solution; the clue is Genesis 12:3. This structure not only elucidates the binding unity of the Pentateuch but also reveals that the structure began stretches far beyond the Pentateuch itself. The end and fulfillment lie beyond Deuteronomy 34 – indeed beyond the Old Testament. It could be safely asserted that probably no where does the Old Testament set forth an ultimate solution to the universal problem which Genesis 1-11 so poignantly portrays. The Old Testament indeed does not arrive at full redemption. When the Old Testament ends, Israel is still looking for the final consummation when hope shall be fulfilled and promise become fact. The juncture of Genesis 10-11 and chapters 12ff., is not only one of the most important places in the whole Old Testament but one of the most important in the entire Bible. Here begins the redemptive history that awaits the proclamation of the good news of God’s new redemptive act in Jesus Christ; only then will be found the way in which the blessing of Abraham will bless all the families of the earth. The Pentateuch is truly open-ended, for the salvation history which commenced awaits the consummation in the Son of Abraham (Matt. 1:1) who draws all people to Him (John 12:32) punctuating the alienation of humanity from God and from one another.

Purpose

The purpose of the Pentateuch was a leading into the realization by God that He was the Creator and Sustainer of the universe as well as the Ruler of History. It testifies to God’s saving acts, the central act being the exodus from Egypt. God invaded the consciousness of the Israelites and revealed Himself as the redeeming God. Knowledge of God as Redeemer subsequently led to a knowledge of Him as Creator; understanding the Lord as the God of grace consequently prompted an understanding as the God of nature after He displayed control over nature as evidenced in the plagues, the crossing of the Red Sea and sustenance in the wilderness. It must be stressed that God’s grace was evident not only in deliverance and guidance, but in the giving of the law and the initiation of the covenant. Israel’s supposed pledge of obedience, oath of loyalty to God and His will is her response. One must hasten to note that this response is a gift of God’s grace. The Pentateuch stands or better still possesses a rich inner unity recording God’s revelation in history and His Lordship over history and testifying to Israel’s response and disobedience. It generally witnesses to God’s holiness which “separates Him from men, and His gracious love, which binds Him to them on His terms” (New Bible Dictionary, 1962, p.909).

Themes

Although several themes could be identified between Genesis and Deuteronomy, unique but inter-related, intertwined and invaluable ones could be identified. These include election, creation, fall/sin, covenant, law and exodus. Israel was God’s elect. According to Stott (1988), the Bible is “sacred history – the story of God’s dealing with a particular people for a particular purpose” (p.45). They were convinced that God had done this for no other nation (Ps. 147:20). Great thinkers of Greece (including Plato, Socrates and Aristotle) are not the focus but scriptural record concentrates on men like Abraham, Moses, David, Isaiah and the prophets to whom the word of the Lord came, and on Jesus Christ, God’s Word made flesh. Abraham’s call has a present day significance to us and should not be slightly regarded as an event of the past. Election – God’s special choice of individuals- basically contains two subsidiary features; promise and responsibility. Abraham is promised descendants, given the land of Canaan as his children’s inheritance and promised a great name in the future. God’s special favour was to rest not only on Abraham and his family but to all men through him (Gal. 3:29).

God’s promises to Abraham therefore were not for the selfish enjoyment of a selected few but could benefit others if used responsibly. It is incontrovertible that God’s choice of Israel has a missionary purpose. A covenant, in the Hebrew context, covered all human relationships and not a limited definition of a matter of legal documents and sealing-wax in the modern mind. This bond united people in mutual obligations. Naturally, people’s relationship to God should be expressed in covenant terms. Covenant terms could be used to describe three unique occasions in the Pentateuch:

i. God’s promises never again to destroy the world with a flood (Gen. 9:9)

ii. God’s promises to Abram (Gen. 15:18; 17:4)

iii. The Sinai Covenant established with Moses and summarized in the ‘book of the covenant’ (Ex.24:4).

It must be borne in mind that although covenants were generally between equals, religiously it denotes a relationship between Creator and a lesser partner. However, the theological significance of the covenant must be highlighted. Based on initiative of God and implying a new revelation of the Creator, it made moral and ritual demands upon the people.

Taylor (1973) realistically observes that “the idea of law is central to the Pentateuch and…it gives its name to the book as a whole” (p.124). It basically covers the Ten Commandments (Decalogue – Ex. 20; Deut.5) and associates with these various collections of laws classified as:

i. The book of the Covenant (Ex. 21-23)

ii. The Holiness Code (Lev. 17:26)

iii. The Law of Deuteronomy (Deut. 12:26)

Since Israel was part of the Eastern Mediterranean culture and shared in the ideas and experience of her neighbours, several similarities could be noted especially with the Code of Hammurabi. The differences however made Israel’s laws distinctive. They could be summarized thus:

i. Uncompromising monotheism (that is relating everything to the one true God)

ii. Remarkable concern for slaves, strangers, women and orphans (the underprivileged)

iii. Community spirit based on the covenant relationship shared by all Israel with the Lord

In a brilliant summary, Cornfeld (1961) observed that “Hebrew law appears from its earliest times to stand on a higher ethical level and postulates moral human relationship which do not seem to be equalled in other Near Eastern Legislations” (p.213). Israel must approach God with a due sense of His moral and spiritual distinctiveness. The elaborate sacrificial system generally found its fulfilment in the solitary sacrifice of Christ – the perfect Lamb of God- through whom sins are not only forgiven but atonement made for all men eternally (Heb. 10:1-18).

The exodus must be put in proper perspective. Described in Exodus 1-12, the Jews view it as the great intervention or saving act of God which later generations reminisced. This miraculous intervention was God’s act of victory of the gods displaying total supremacy. Recalled annually in the Feast of the Passover, subsequent generations were reminded that they were initially members of a slave community mercifully redeemed from bondage. They were encouraged to use this as a deterrent, especially when curses reward disobedience. The historical significance was definitive. God could repeat His initial act. In Isaiah 51:9-11, Israel looked for a second exodus while in exile in Babylon.

The afore-mentioned themes are never submerged in the Pentateuch. Probably, the only other theme (which recurs in depressing regularity) is Israel’s obstinate and persistent sinfulness. Among other things, they were slow to accept Moses as their deliverer, grumbled about hardship and desired to ‘go back to Egypt’. Not even Moses was immune and was punished by not being allowed to lead God’s people in the promised land.

Conclusion

Together, the five books trace Israel’s origin from the earliest times, through the patriarchs; then the Exodus and Sinai periods prior to the entry to Canaan; they also contain much legal instruction. God’s response to sin is consistently a blend of judgement and mercy. Beyond the immediate discipline of Adam and Eve, and confusion of tongues at Babel, God tempers justice with salvation. It is understandable therefore that in spite of man’s path, God called Abraham to be the channel of grace and revelation to all mankind.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Childs, B. (1979). Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.

The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia (1964). New York: Dell Publishing Co.

Cornfeld, G. (1961). Adam to Daniel. New York: The Macmillan Company.

Everyman’s Encyclopedia, Vol. 1. (1979). London : Dent and Sons.

Halley, H.H. (1962). Halley’s Pocket Bible Handbook: An Abbreviated Bible Commentary. Minnesota:

Zondervan Publishing.

Knight, D.A. and G.M. Tucker (1985). The Hebrew Bible and its Modern Interpreters. Minnesota:

Fortress Press.

Lasor, W.S., D.A. Hubbard and F.W. Bush (1982). Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form and

Background to the Old Testament. Michigan: Williams B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

The New Bible Dictionary (1962). London: The Inter-Varsity Fellowship.

NIV Study Bible (1984). Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House.

Stott, J. (1988). Understanding the Bible. London: Scripture Union.

Taylor, J. (1973). The Five Books. In The Lion Handbook to the Bible. Herts: Lion Publishing.

The Pentateuch, Law of Moses or Torah

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Workplace diversity refers to the variety of differences in the middle of citizen in an organization. That sounds simple, but diversity encompasses race, gender, ethnic group, age, personality, cognitive style, tenure, organizational function, education, background and more.

Diversity not only involves how citizen perceive themselves, but how they perceive others. Those perceptions work on their interactions. For a wide assortment of employees to function effectively as an organization, human resource professionals need to deal effectively with issues such as communication, adaptability and change. Diversity will growth significantly in the coming years. Successful organizations recognize the need for immediate operation and are ready and willing to spend resources on managing diversity in the workplace now.

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Benefits of Workplace Diversity

An organization’s success and competitiveness depends upon its quality to embrace diversity and perceive the benefits. When organizations actively compare their handling of workplace diversity issues, originate and implement diversity plans, manifold benefits are reported such as:

Increased adaptability

Organizations employing a diverse workforce can furnish a greater variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and funds of resources. Employees from diverse backgrounds bring private talents and experiences in suggesting ideas that are flexible in adapting to ranging markets and customer demands.

Broader aid range

A diverse variety of skills and experiences (e.g. Languages, cultural understanding) allows a business to furnish aid to customers on a global basis.

Variety of viewpoints

A diverse workforce that feels comfortable communicating varying points of view provides a larger pool of ideas and experiences. The society can draw from that pool to meet business strategy needs and the needs of customers more effectively.

More sufficient execution

Companies that encourage diversity in the workplace inspire all of their employees to achieve to their top ability. Company-wide strategies can then be executed; resulting in higher productivity, profit, and return on investment.

Challenges of Diversity in the Workplace

Taking full benefit of the benefits of diversity in the workplace is not without its challenges. Some of those challenges are:

Communication – Perceptual, cultural and language barriers need to be overcome for diversity programs to succeed. Ineffective transportation of key objectives results in confusion, lack of teamwork, and low morale.

Resistance to convert – There are all the time employees who will refuse to accept the fact that the communal and cultural makeup of their workplace is changing. The “we’ve all the time done it this way” mentality silences new ideas and inhibits progress.

Implementation of diversity in the workplace policies – This can be the overriding challenge to all diversity advocates. Armed with the results of laborer assessments and research data, they must build and implement a customized strategy to maximize the effects of diversity in the workplace for their singular organization.

Successful administration of Diversity in the Workplace – Diversity training alone is not sufficient for your organization’s diversity administration plan. A strategy must be created and implemented to originate a culture of diversity that permeates every agency and function of the organization.

Recommended steps that have been proven Successful in world-class organizations are:

Assessment of diversity in the workplace – Top clubs make assessing and evaluating their diversity process an integral part of their administration system. A customizable laborer satisfaction eye can achieve this assessment for your business efficiently and conveniently. It can help your administration team rule which challenges and obstacles to diversity are gift in your workplace and which policies need to be added or eliminated. Reassessment can then rule the success of you diversity in the workplace plan implementation.

Development of diversity in the workplace plan – choosing a eye provider that provides extensive reporting is a key decision. That article will be the starting buildings of your diversity in the workplace plan. The plan must be comprehensive, attainable and measurable. An society must rule what changes need to be made and a timeline for that convert to be attained.

Implementation of diversity in the workplace plan – The personal commitment of menagerial and managerial teams is a must. Leaders and managers within organizations must integrate diversity policies into every aspect of the organization’s function and purpose. Attitudes toward diversity originate at the top and filter downward. administration cooperation and participation is required to originate a culture conducive to the success of your organization’s plan.

Recommended diversity in the workplace solutions include:

Ward off convert resistance with inclusion. – Involve every laborer inherent in formulating and executing diversity initiatives in your workplace.

Foster an attitude of openness in your organization. – Encourage employees to express their ideas and opinions and attribute a sense of equal value to all.

Promote diversity in leadership positions. – This convention provides visibility and realizes the benefits of diversity in the workplace.

Utilize diversity training. – Use it as a tool to shape your diversity policy.

Launch a customizable laborer satisfaction eye that provides extensive reporting. – Use the results to build and implement Successful diversity in the workplace policies.

As the cheaper becomes increasingly global, our workforce becomes increasingly diverse. Organizational success and competitiveness will depend on the quality to administrate diversity in the workplace effectively. Evaluate your organization’s diversity policies and plan for the future, starting today.

This article may be reproduced provided it is published in its entirety, includes the author bio information, and all links remain active.

Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges and Solutions

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Did you know that piano sheet music for beginners can be easily download from the internet without any cost? Some would agree that this is an advantage but even so there’s still that question on how to easily read and understand it especially if you’re just a beginner. There’s no need to fret though since there are five easy-to-do steps on how to effectively read piano sheets, as well as, a vast number of websites that you can consider whenever you need to download any.

First step to first understand that there are seven letters that comprise the piano notes such as A B C D E F G and this is the same with a piano sheet music. If you still find this confusing then try to label the sheet with the letters starting from A to G so that you can be familiar with it.

Associated Press.

You can actually read the piano sheet better if you find where the Middle C is located. Also determine where it is on the piano. This second step is easy since you just need to look for the always near the ledger line. Another hint is to find the middle of your left and right hand staffs on the piano. Sure enough you will be able to spot the Middle C without any hassle.

The third step is to locate where the each music staff is located both on your sheet and piano. Once you position your left and right hand on the piano, both comprise a staff with five lines and four spaces. You can easily spot the bass and treble clef since the bass consists of three bottom space notes that read ACE while the treble clef has four space notes that read FACE.

The fourth step is to simply remember that the phrase “Every Great Bands Deserve Fame” can be associated with the five notes of the treble clef. On the other hand, the phrase “Great Bands Deserve Fame Always” can be attributed to the five notes of the bass clef. The fifth and last step is that whenever you press two space notes and two line notes you will tend to miss out on one white note every time.

There are several websites that you can visit in order to download all sorts of piano music sheets and other resources. Most of these sites offer them for free. If you prefer reading PDF files then the ideal websites for you to visit are Pianostreet.com and gmajormusictheory.org. The latter is a website that also offers piano courses, as well as, midi files that go together with the sheets that you download.

Another website which is 8notes.com offers free ready-to-print sheets in several formats including GIF image file, PDF, and Scorch to name a few. Sibeliusmusic.com is another website that also offers free sheets in Scorch and MP3 format. Indeed, all these websites have the available piano sheet music that you will need to learn piano quickly without any cost.

Easy Piano Sheet Music For Beginners

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Pendelfin was born in 1953, in the shadow of the Pendle “Witch” hill near Burnley in Lancashire, in the north of England. It started out as little more than a hobby for Jean Walmsley Heap (J.W.H.) and Jeannie Todd, working from a wooden hut in Jeannie’s back garden. But this hobby soon became an obsession and a successful enterprise as the Pendelfin house grew and grew.

The Pendle Witch

Global Markets

The very first PenDelfin piece was modelled on the Pendle Witch and took the form of a moulded wall plaque. This was followed by The Fairy Shop, a large 3-dimensional wall plaque based on an customary painting by J.W.H.

Witches continued to be a favorite theme, with more witch-based models being produced, together with the Cauldron Witch, the Pixie House and on a wholly separate theme, the predominant little Thrifty, modelled at the request of J.W.H.’s part-time employers, the Burnley construction Society.

The Rabbit Revolution

In 1956, a small house of rabbits were modelled for the first time. This proved to be a turning point for PenDelfin as the first batch of rabbits sold out approximately instantly. Repeat orders started to pour in, and attentiveness started to focus approximately exclusively on producing PenDelfin’s trademark rabbit models, all with a thought about idea out character and history!

A band of musically-inclined rabbits, rabbit bookends, uncles, aunts and of course the customary Father and mum rabbits all followed, as well as many other appealing young characters and any large and lovingly modelled stands to provide a backdrop to the PenDelfin village, as it became.

PenDelfin Expands – A Larger premise for a Global Market

PenDelfin continued to expand, and although it had its trials and tribulations, by the 1970s was a well established enterprise in Burnley, occupying a large part of a previous mill construction and dispatching members of the PenDelfin house to enthusiastic collectors all over the world.

In 1992 the PenDelfin Collectors Club was founded, with “Family Circle” pieces produced each year for club members only – some of which have come to be quite sought-after today.

The End?

PenDelfin was sold to a collectibles enterprise in 2005, and in 2006 the Burnley premise shut down, as production was outsourced abroad. Either because of this or despite it, the older Pendelfin pieces are becoming ever more scarce and collectible, with rarities such as Aunt Agatha and the Rabbit bookends commanding strong prices as collectors seek out the early pieces to perfect their collections.

Pendelfin Rabbits – 50 Years of Lancashire Stoneware Magic

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Regardless of how segmentation is incorporated into marketing activities, experienced marketer usually execute segmentation to enable him furnish higher values to his possible customers. He will be able to know which specific customers he is serving and will be able to address their needs and concerns.

After segmentation, what the marketer needs to do next is targeting his efforts and focuses on the identified store segments. He will originate a marketing campaign that will fulfill the needs as well as the store health of his targeted store group.

Global Markets

Target store segment are affected by two salient factors:

1. How favorable the segment is to the product builder objectives, resources as well as capabilities and

2. How intriguing the target store segment is.

In determining the suitability of the segment to the manufacturer, the marketer needs

- to ensure that the product builder will be able to furnish first-rate values than competitors to the customers.

- To rate the impact of serving the segment with respect to the builder reputation and dignity.

- To entrance the distribution channels that will serve the targeted store sections.

- To resolve the capital buoyancy of the builder to serve the store group.

And in determining the attractiveness of the target store section, the marketer will have to evaluate

- the ration number of the customers with respect to the broad store (size of the segments) that will be served.

- Sales possible for the product builder in the segment.

- behalf margin staggering from the segment.

- growth rate and competition in the segment.

- Required store share to break even

- Attainable store share when promotional budgets and expenditures of the competitors are provided.

- Loyalty of the existing customers in the segment.

An experienced marketer would know that satisfying the broad store is tasking and not profitable at all. In fact it will be less stressful and more profitable if just a smaller store segment where there is tiny or no competition is concentrated on. This also gives the builder the opportunity to fabricate their products to have a greater advantage over competitors.

Factors Affecting the Target market Segment

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If you are like me, you probably have never had a cat with a cold, but cats with colds are fairly common.

How does a cat get a cold? The first view that comes to mind is “can my cat catch my cold?”

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The answer to that is no and “no” you cannot catch your cat’s cold. It is said that cold viruses are species-specific, which means pets and humans cannot pass a cold back and forth.

While we can (for the most part) “doctor” our colds with over-the-counter remedies, our cats cannot.

A cold is serious firm for a cat and even more serious if you have a manifold cat household.

Oddly enough, your cat’s symptoms will be very similar to yours, sneezing, runny nose, coughing, wheezing and sometimes a mucous dismissal whether from its nose or mouth. It is also potential for your cat to have a breathing problem, cold sore type ulcers colse to it mouth and red teary eyes that have a discharge.

Cat colds are very contagious and interestingly, cats are more susceptible to colds in the summer time.

Where can your cat pick up a cold?

At a boarding kennel, the groomers, at your vets and if your cat is an indoor/outdoor cat, it can pick up the virus from any cat it encounters outside.

What can you do for your cat’s cold?

First of all do not try any human over-the-counter remedies. regularly a cat cold lasts just about as long as a human cold (7 to 10 days) and the cat will get over it just as we do.

Where it gets complex is, if the viral infection travels to the lungs or bronchial area causing a lower respiratory infection or if a secondary bacterial infection occurs in the nose, mouth or eye area.

This is why at the first sign your cat is arrival down with a cold, you should call your vet. This ounce of arresting can assuredly save you many vet dollars, should the cold invent into something more serious.

Once a cat gets a respiratory infection it is potential that it will re-occur time and time again (like the proverbial bad penny.)

Another important thing to take under observation is cats smell their food before they eat it. This is normal cat behavior and if your cat has a stuffy nose, it cannot smell its food.

What happens when a cat can’t smell its food?

The cat will not eat or even drink. The cat becomes dehydrated and starts using up its own fat shop for energy.

A cat needs to eat and drink (most canned cat food provides not only nutrition, but water,) the supervene of not eating can cause a health known as hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome, which can be life threatening.

This is why, if your cat shows any sign of a cold or stops eating for any guess call your vet at once.

I can’t say this enough, that one easy phone call may save you many hereafter vet dollars.

A cat’s cold can be a easy runny nose (wipe it with a warm wet washcloth, cats can’t blow) and want nothing more than some Tlc from you, but check with your vet first.

There are two types of viruses that can cause a cat to have cold like symptoms, the first is felline herpesvirus (Fhv) and feline calicivirus (Fcv). Keep up all of your cat’s recommended vaccinations as the vaccine for Fhv and Fcv is given at quarterly intervals.

Keeping your cat indoors is truly the best way to protect your cat from being the recipient of “what is going around.”

Can My Cat Catch a Cold?

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